Chondral defects refer to damage or injury to the cartilage that covers the surfaces of joints. Cartilage is essential for smooth joint movement, as it allows bones to glide effortlessly over one another. When this cartilage is damaged, it can cause pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. These defects commonly occur in weight-bearing joints, such as the knee, hip, and ankle.

Treatment for chondral defects depends on the severity and location of the damage. In mild cases, conservative methods like physical therapy, medications, and lifestyle changes may be sufficient to manage symptoms. However, more significant defects may require surgical procedures to repair or replace the damaged cartilage. Advanced techniques like microfracture, autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI), and osteochondral autografting are commonly used to restore joint function.

Microfracture surgery creates small fractures in the bone beneath the cartilage defect, stimulating the growth of new cartilage. Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) involves harvesting healthy cartilage cells, growing them in a lab, and re-implanting them into the damaged area. Osteochondral autograft transplantation (OATS) involves transferring cartilage from a healthy part of the joint to the damaged area, promoting natural healing.

Rehabilitation after surgery is essential for recovery. Physical therapy helps patients regain strength, flexibility, and function, allowing them to return to daily activities and sports. With the right treatment and rehabilitation, individuals with chondral defects can experience significant relief and improved joint function, reducing pain and enhancing overall mobility.